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Jean Prosper Guivier (c. 12 March 1814 – 18 November 1862) was a French musician, best known for his solo performances within in the orchestra of Louis-Antoine Jullien. The son of a Napoleonic soldier, he spent five years in the army before enrolling at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he was expelled. As an early exponent of the ophicleide, Guivier became one of Jullien's core of elite musicians along with other soloists such as Herman Koenig. Ill health forced him to reduce his musical engagements during the 1850s and he supplemented his income by dealing and consulting on the design of brass instruments. He retired to Marseilles in 1860, where he died. ==Early Years== Jean Prosper Guivier was born in Antakalnis, a district in Vilnius, Lithuania, the son of Etienne Simon Guivier (6 March 1780 – 1 October 1829), a Napoleonic soldier of the 106ᵉ régiment d'Infanterie de ligne 〔 Registres Matricules de la Garde Imperiale et l'Infanterie de Ligne, SHD/GR 21 YC 773 http://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/fr/ark:/40699/e0052ab9a960c079/52ab9a977cee9 〕 and Hélène or Marie-Hélène Odino or Odinot (5 March 1786 – 30 July 1857). At the time of his birth, Jean Prosper's parents were returning to France after the disastrous Russian Campaign and it is probable that he had been conceived in a French prisoner-of-war camp in Russia where his parents had been interned.〔''1er contrôle des élèves du 15 mai 1822 au 31 décembre 1835'', CARAN archives, Paris, AJ37 352 *, p.191〕 The exact date of birth is not known; his birth certificate states that he was born on 28 February and christened on 30 February (Julian Calendar).〔Birth certificate for Jean Prosper Guivier, Lithuanian State Historical Archives, Fund 604, Description 10, Year 1814, File 189, p.128v〕 His baptismal certificate states that he was born on 30 February and baptised on 1 March (Julian calendar),〔Copy of baptismal certificate for Jean Prosper Guivier, Royal Society of Musicians, London〕 while later documents give his birth date as 1 March,〔 ‘the last day of February (old style)’,〔Copy of marriage contract for Jean Prosper Guivier, Royal Society of Musicians, London〕 or 19 March.〔''Illustrated London News'', June 24, 1843〕 Assuming his date of birth to be 28 February, this would give his date of birth as 12 March in the Gregorian calendar. Jean Prosper had two brothers, Joseph (1816 - 1871) and Jean Baptiste (b. 1818) and grew up in the barracks of the 23ᵉ légion du Doubs, first garrisoned at Besançon and then at Lyon.〔Birth records of Joseph Guivier and Jean Baptiste Guivier, Actes (naissances), Etat Civil, Besançon and Lyon respectively〕 In 1820, the legion was combined with the légion bis du Pas de Calais and renamed the 44ᵉ régiment d’infanterie de ligne〔Smith, Digby. ''Napoleon’s Regiments'', first edition, Greenhill Books, London, 2000, pp. 96-97〕 (in 1840 renamed the 44ᵉ régiment d'infanterie). At the age of 13, Jean Prosper joined the regiment as a bandsman and the same year was present at the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827 on board the Scipion.〔 Afterwards, he joined a suite attached to General Camille Alphonse Trezel, ''Assistant Chief of the General Staff'' on an expedition to the Morea to oversee the withdrawal of Egyptian and Turkish troops and the handing over of Greece to its people. He adopted the pseudonym ''Prospère'', later claiming that this was to distinguish himself from his father, uncle and two younger brothers who were also serving〔 (in fact by the time his siblings had enlisted he was within General Trezel's suite and no longer in the same regiment as his relatives). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean Prosper Guivier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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